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Experimental philosophy is an emerging field of philosophical inquiry〔Lackman, Jon. (The X-Philes Philosophy meets the real world ), ''Slate'', March 2, 2006.〕〔Appiah, Anthony. (The New New Philosophy ), ''New York Times'', December 9, 2007.〕〔Appiah, Anthony. (The 'Next Big Thing' in Ideas ), ''National Public Radio'', January 3, 2008.〕〔Shea, Christopher. (Against Intuition ), ''Chronicle of Higher Education'', October 3, 2008.〕〔Edmonds, David and Warburton, Nigel. (Philosophy’s great experiment ), ''Prospect'', March 1, 2009〕 that makes use of empirical data—often gathered through surveys which probe the intuitions of ordinary people—in order to inform research on philosophical questions.〔(The Experimental Philosophy Page ).〕〔Prinz, J. (Experimental Philosophy ), ''YouTube'' September 17, 2007.〕 This use of empirical data is widely seen as opposed to a philosophical methodology that relies mainly on a priori justification, sometimes called "armchair" philosophy by experimental philosophers.〔Knobe, Joshua. (What is Experimental Philosophy? ). ''The Philosophers' Magazine'', (28) 2004.〕〔Knobe, Joshua. (Experimental Philosophy ), (''Philosophy Compass'' ) (2) 2007.〕〔Knobe, Joshua. (Experimental Philosophy and Philosophical Significance ), ''Philosophical Explorations'' (10) 2007.〕 Experimental philosophy initially began by focusing on philosophical questions related to intentional action, the putative conflict between free will and determinism, and causal vs. descriptive theories of linguistic reference.〔Knobe, Joshua. (What is Experimental Philosophy? ) ''The Philosophers' Magazine'' (28) 2004.〕 However, experimental philosophy has continued to expand to new areas of research. Disagreement about what experimental philosophy can accomplish is widespread. One claim is that the empirical data gathered by experimental philosophers can have an indirect effect on philosophical questions by allowing for a better understanding of the underlying psychological processes which lead to philosophical intuitions.〔Knobe, Joshua and Nichols, Shaun. (An Experimental Philosophy Manifesto ), in Knobe & Nichols (eds.) (''Experimental Philosophy'' ), §2.1. 2008.〕 Others claim that experimental philosophers are engaged in conceptual analysis, but taking advantage of the rigor of quantitative research to aid in that project.〔Lutz, Sebastian. (Ideal Language Philosophy and Experiments on Intuitions ). (Studia Philosophica Estonica ) (2.2. Special issue: S. Häggqvist and D. Cohnitz (eds.), The Role of Intuitions in Philosophical Methodology ), pp. 117–139. 2009〕〔Sytsma, Justin. (The proper province of philosophy: Conceptual analysis and empirical investigation ). Review of Philosophy and Psychology 1(3). Special issue: E. Machery, T. Lombrozo, and J. Knobe (eds.), Psychology and Experimental Philosophy (Part II), pp. 427–445. 2010.〕 Finally, some work in experimental philosophy can be seen as undercutting the traditional methods and presuppositions of analytic philosophy.〔Machery, Edouard. (What are Experimental Philosophers Doing? ). (''Experimental Philosophy'' (blog) ), July 30, 2007.〕 Several philosophers have offered criticisms of experimental philosophy. ==History== Though, in early modern philosophy, natural philosophy was sometimes referred to as "experimental philosophy",〔Anstey, P. & Vanzo, A. (2012). "The Origins of Early Modern Experimental Philosophy". ''Intellectual History Review'', 22 (4): 499-518.〕 the field associated with the current sense of the term dates its origins around 2000 when a small number of students experimented with the idea of fusing philosophy to the experimental rigor of psychology. While the philosophical movement Experimental Philosophy began around 2000 (though perhaps the earliest example of the approach is reported by Hewson, 1994〔Hewson, C. (1994). Empirical Evidence Regarding the Folk Psychological Concept of Belief. Proceedings of the ''Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society'', 403-408. Hillsdale, New Jersey. (Atlanta, Georgia).〕), the use of empirical methods in philosophy far predates the emergence of the recent academic field. Current experimental philosophers claim that the movement is actually a return to the methodology used by many ancient philosophers.〔〔 Further, other philosophers like David Hume, René Descartes and John Locke are often held up as early models of philosophers who appealed to empirical methodology.〔〔Peter Anstey, "(Is x-phi old hat? )", ''(Early Modern Experimental Philosophy Blog )'', 30 August 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「experimental philosophy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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